Abstract: Binciken da rarrabuwa na kayan gyara wani tsari ne mai mahimmanci a cikin aikin gyaran na'urorin janareta na diesel, tare da mai da hankali kan duba kayan aikin aunawa na kayan gyara da gano kuskuren siffar da matsayi na kayan gyara. Daidaiton dubawa da rarraba kayan gyara zai shafi ingancin gyara kai tsaye da farashin saitin janaretan dizal. Wannan aikin yana buƙatar ma'aikatan kulawa don fahimtar ainihin abin da ke cikin binciken sassan janareta dizal, sanin hanyoyin bincike gama gari don saitin kayan gyara dizal, da ƙware ainihin ƙwarewar injin janaretan dizal ɗin duba kayan aikin.
1,Ingantattun matakan dubawa da abubuwan da ke ciki don kayan kayan injin dizal
1. Matakan tabbatar da ingancin kayan dubawa
Mahimmin maƙasudin aikin binciken kayan aikin shine don tabbatar da ingancin kayan aikin. Abubuwan da suka dace masu inganci yakamata su sami ingantaccen aiki na aiki wanda ya dace da aikin fasaha na saitin janareta na diesel, da kuma rayuwar sabis wanda ya daidaita tare da sauran sassan kayan aikin injin injin dizal. Don tabbatar da ingancin duba kayan gyara, ya kamata a aiwatar da aiwatar da waɗannan matakan.
(1) Tsananin fahimtar ƙa'idodin fasaha na kayan gyara;
(2) Zaɓi daidai kayan aikin dubawa daidai da kayan aiki bisa ga buƙatun fasaha na kayan gyara;
(3) Inganta matakin fasaha na ayyukan dubawa;
(4) Hana kurakuran dubawa;
(5) Ƙaddamar da ƙa'idodi da tsarin dubawa masu ma'ana.
2. Babban abun ciki na kayan aikin dubawa
(1) Binciken daidaiton Geometric na kayan gyara
Daidaiton Geometric ya haɗa da daidaiton ƙira, siffa da daidaiton matsayi, da daidaiton dacewa da juna tsakanin kayan gyara. Daidaitaccen sifa da matsayi ya haɗa da madaidaiciya, shimfiɗa, zagaye, cylindricity, coaxiality, parallelism, verticality, da dai sauransu.
(2) Duba ingancin saman
Binciken ingancin saman kayan kayan ya haɗa da ba wai kawai duba tarkace ba, har ma da duba lahani irin su karce, konewa, da burrs a saman.
(3) Gwajin kayan aikin injiniya
Duban taurin, yanayin ma'auni, da tsaurin bazara na kayan kayan gyara.
(4) Duban ɓoyayyun lahani
Ɓoyayyun lahani suna nufin lahani waɗanda ba za a iya gano su kai tsaye daga lura da auna gaba ɗaya ba, kamar haɗawar ciki, ɓoyayyi, da ƙananan fasa waɗanda ke faruwa yayin amfani. Binciken ɓoyayyun lahani yana nufin duba irin wannan lahani.
2,Hanyoyin Duban Sassan Injin Diesel
1. Hanyar gwajin jijiya
Binciken jijiya hanya ce ta dubawa da rarraba kayan gyara bisa ga ma'aikaci na gani, ji, da ma'ana. Yana nufin hanyar da masu dubawa ke gano yanayin fasaha na kayan gyara kawai bisa hangen nesa (tare da ƙarancin amfani da kayan aikin dubawa). Wannan hanya mai sauƙi ce kuma mai tsada. Koyaya, wannan hanyar ba za a iya amfani da ita don gwaji na ƙididdigewa ba kuma ba za a iya amfani da ita don gwada sassa masu madaidaicin buƙatun ba, kuma yana buƙatar masu dubawa su sami gogewa.
(1) Duban gani
Duban gani shine babbar hanyar duban hankali. Yawancin abubuwan da suka faru na gazawa na kayan gyara, irin su karaya da tsagewar macroscopic, lankwasawa bayyananne, karkatarwa, nakasar warping, yashwar saman, abrasion, lalacewa mai tsanani, da sauransu, ana iya lura da su kai tsaye kuma an gano su. A wajen gyaran injin janareta na dizal, ana iya amfani da wannan hanya don gano gazawar cabu daban-daban, ganga injin dizal, da saman haƙoran gear iri-iri. Yin amfani da gilashin girma da endoscopes don sakamakon jarrabawa yana da sakamako mai kyau.
(2) Gwajin saurare
Gwajin saurare hanya ce ta gano lahani a cikin kayan gyara bisa iyawar sauraron mai aiki. Yayin dubawa, matsa kayan aikin don tantance ko akwai wasu lahani a cikin kayan gyara bisa sautin. Lokacin ɗaukar abubuwan da ba su da aibi kamar harsashi da sanduna, sautin yana bayyana sosai kuma yana ƙullu; Lokacin da akwai tsagewa a ciki, sautin yana da ƙarfi; Lokacin da akwai ramukan raguwa a ciki, sautin yana raguwa sosai.
(3) Gwajin dabara
Taɓa saman kayan da hannunka don jin yanayin yanayin su; Girgiza sassan mating don jin dacewarsu; Taɓa sassa tare da motsin dangi da hannu na iya jin yanayin dumamasu da sanin ko akwai wasu abubuwan ban mamaki.
2. Hanyar duba kayan aiki da kayan aiki
Ana gudanar da babban aikin dubawa ta amfani da kayan aiki da kayan aiki. Dangane da ka'idar aiki da nau'ikan kayan aiki da kayan aiki, ana iya raba su zuwa kayan aikin aunawa gabaɗaya, na'urori masu aunawa na musamman, na'urori na inji da mita, kayan gani, kayan lantarki, da sauransu.
3. Hanyar gwaji ta jiki
Hanyar dubawa ta jiki tana nufin hanyar dubawa da ke amfani da adadi na jiki kamar wutar lantarki, maganadisu, sauti, haske, da zafi don gano yanayin fasaha na kayan kayan aiki ta hanyar canje-canjen da aikin aikin ya haifar. Aiwatar da aiwatar da wannan hanyar ya kamata a haɗa shi tare da hanyoyin bincike na kayan aiki da kayan aiki, kuma galibi ana amfani da su don bincika ɓoyayyun lahani a cikin kayan gyara. Irin wannan binciken ba shi da lahani ga sassan da kansu, don haka ana kiran shi binciken mara lalacewa. Gwajin da ba mai lalata ba ya haɓaka cikin sauri a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kuma a halin yanzu, hanyoyin daban-daban da ake amfani da su a samarwa sun haɗa da hanyar magnetic foda, hanyar shigar, hanyar ultrasonic, da sauransu.
3,Duban lalacewa da tsagewar kayan aikin injin dizal
Akwai abubuwa da yawa da suka ƙunshi saitin janareta na dizal, kuma kodayake nau'ikan kayan gyara daban-daban suna da tsari da ayyuka daban-daban, yanayin suturarsu da hanyoyin ƙwaƙƙwara iri ɗaya ne. Girman da siffar geometric na kayan aikin janareta na diesel suna canzawa saboda lalacewa ta aiki. Lokacin da lalacewa ya wuce ƙayyadaddun iyaka kuma aka ci gaba da amfani da shi, zai haifar da babbar lalacewa a aikin injin. A lokacin aikin gyara na'urorin janareta na diesel, tsananin dubawa da ƙayyadaddun yanayin fasaha ya kamata a aiwatar da su daidai da ka'idodin fasahar gyaran injin dizal. Don nau'ikan kayan gyara daban-daban, hanyoyin dubawa da buƙatun sun bambanta saboda sassa daban-daban na lalacewa. Za a iya raba lalacewa na kayan gyara zuwa nau'in harsashi, nau'in shaft, nau'in rami, siffar haƙori na kaya, da sauran sassan lalacewa.
1. Hanyoyin dubawa don ingancin nau'in nau'in nau'in harsashi
Silinda block da famfo jiki harsashi ne duka nau'in harsashi, wanda shi ne tsarin na dizal janareta da kuma tushen harhada daban-daban hada sassa. Lalacewar da wannan bangaren ke da wuyar yin amfani da shi ya haɗa da tsagewa, lalacewa, ɓarna, lalata zare, karkatar da nakasar jirgin haɗin gwiwa, da sawa bangon rami. Hanyar bincika waɗannan abubuwan haɗin gwiwa shine binciken gani gabaɗaya haɗe da kayan aikin ma'auni masu mahimmanci.
(1) Duban tsaga.
Idan akwai manyan fashe-fashe a cikin sassan na'urar janareta na dizal, ana iya lura da su gabaɗaya da ido tsirara. Don ƙananan fasa, za a iya gano wurin tsaga ta dannawa da sauraron sautunan sauti. A madadin, ana iya amfani da gilashin ƙara girma ko hanyar nunin nutsewa don dubawa.
(2) Duba lalacewar zaren.
Ana iya gano lalacewa a buɗewar zaren da gani. Idan lalacewar zaren ta kasance a cikin buckles biyu, ba a buƙatar gyara ba. Don lalacewar zaren da ke cikin rami na kulle, ana iya amfani da gwajin jujjuyawar kusoshi don daidaita shi. Gabaɗaya, ya kamata a iya ƙulla kullun a ƙasa ba tare da wani sako-sako ba. Idan an sami matsala a lokacin jujjuya kullin, yana nuna cewa zaren da ke cikin rami ya lalace kuma a gyara shi.
(3) Duban rigar bangon rami.
Lokacin da lalacewa akan bangon ramin yana da mahimmanci, ana iya lura da shi gabaɗaya da ido tsirara. Don bangon ciki na Silinda tare da manyan buƙatun fasaha, ana amfani da ma'aunin silinda ko micrometers na ciki gabaɗaya don aunawa yayin aikin kiyayewa don tantance fitarsu daga zagaye da diamita na mazugi.
(4) Binciken lalacewa na ramukan shaft da kujerun ramuka.
Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don duba lalacewa tsakanin ramin ramin da wurin zama: hanyar dacewa da gwaji da hanyar aunawa. Lokacin da akwai wasu lalacewa tsakanin ramin ramin da kujerar ramin, ana iya amfani da abubuwan da suka dace don gwajin dacewa da gwaji. Idan yana jin sako-sako, zaku iya saka ma'aunin jin daɗi a ciki don sanin ƙimar lalacewa.
(5) Binciken haɗin gwiwar jirgin sama.
Ta hanyar haɗa kayan gyara guda biyu masu daidaitawa tare, kamar shingen Silinda da kan Silinda, ana iya tantance matakin murdiya da warping na tubalan Silinda ko kan Silinda. Sanya sassan da za a gwada akan dandamali ko farantin lebur, kuma auna su daga kowane bangare tare da ma'aunin ji don sanin matakin warping na sassan.
(6) Duban axis daidaici.
Bayan nakasawa ya faru a cikin amfani da sassan harsashi, wani lokacin daidaitawar axis na iya wuce ƙa'idodin fasaha da aka kayyade don kayan gyara. A halin yanzu, akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don gano daidaiton axis: auna kai tsaye da auna kai tsaye. Hanyar auna daidaiton axis na ramin wurin zama. Wannan hanya kai tsaye tana auna daidaiton axis na ramin wurin zama.
(7) Binciken coaxial na ramukan shaft.
Don gwada coaxiality na ramin shaft, ana amfani da mai gwada coaxial gaba ɗaya. Lokacin aunawa, wajibi ne a sanya shugaban axis a kan madaidaicin lilin hannu ya taɓa bangon ciki na ramin da aka auna. Idan ramin axis ya bambanta, yayin jujjuyawar axis na tsakiya, madaidaicin lamba a kan madaidaicin hannu zai motsa radially, kuma adadin motsi za a watsa zuwa ma'aunin bugun kira ta hanyar lever. Ƙimar da aka nuna ta ma'aunin bugun kira shine coaxiality na ramin axis. A halin yanzu, don inganta daidaito na axial coaxiality, masana'antun gabaɗaya suna amfani da kayan aikin gani kamar bututu masu haɗuwa da telescopes don auna coaxiality axial. Auna coaxiality tsakanin collimator da na'urorin gani na hangen nesa
(8) Duban axis a tsaye.
Lokacin gwada tsayin daka na sassan harsashi, ana amfani da kayan aikin bincike gabaɗaya don dubawa, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin. Lokacin da aka juya hannun don fitar da plunger da auna kai don juya 180°, Bambanci a cikin karatun ma'aunin bugun kira shine a tsaye na axis na Silinda zuwa babban ramin wurin zama mai ɗaukar nauyi a cikin kewayon tsayi na 70mm. Idan tsayin rami na tsaye shine 140mm da 140÷ 70=2, bambanci a cikin karatun ma'aunin bugun kira dole ne a ninka ta 2 don tantance tsayin tsayin silinda. Idan tsayin rami na tsaye shine 210mm da 210÷ 70=3, bambanci a cikin karatun ma'aunin bugun kira dole ne a ninka shi da 3 don tantance tsayin tsayin silinda.
3. Duban nau'in kayan gyara kayan rami
Abubuwan dubawa don ramuka sun bambanta dangane da yanayin aiki na kayan gyara. Misali, silinda na janareta dizal ba kawai yana sawa ba daidai ba a kan kewaye amma har ma da tsayinsa, don haka ya kamata a duba zagayensa da silindarsa. Don ɗaukar ramukan wurin zama da ramukan kujeru na gaba da na baya, saboda ɗan gajeren zurfin ramukan, matsakaicin diamita na lalacewa da zagaye kawai yana buƙatar auna. Kayan aikin da ake amfani da su don auna ramuka sun haɗa da ma'auni na vernier, micrometers na ciki, da filogi. Ana iya amfani da ma'aunin silinda ba kawai don auna silinda ba, har ma don auna ramuka daban-daban na matsakaici.
4. Duban sassan haƙori
(1) Haƙoran waje da na ciki na gears, da maɓalli na haƙoran spline shafts da ramukan taper, duk ana iya ɗaukarsu azaman sassa masu siffar haƙori. Babban lahani ga bayanin haƙori sun haɗa da lalacewa tare da kaurin haƙori da kwatancen tsayi, bawon ɗigon carburized akan saman haƙori, tarkace da rami a saman haƙori, da fashewar haƙori guda ɗaya.
(2) Binciken lalacewar da aka ambata a sama zai iya lura da yanayin lalacewar kai tsaye. Yankin rami da bawon a saman haƙori na gaba ɗaya kada ya wuce 25%. Lalacewar kaurin haƙori ya dogara ne akan izinin taron bai wuce ƙa'idar da aka yarda ba don manyan gyare-gyare, gabaɗaya baya wuce 0.5mm. Lokacin da akwai bayyananniyar lalacewa, ba za a iya sake amfani da ita ba.
(3) Lokacin dubawa, da farko duba ko akwai karaya, tsagewa, tsagi, aibobi, ko bawo na carburized da quenched layers a saman haƙoran gear da haƙoran maɓalli, da kuma ko ƙarshen haƙoran gear da haƙoran maɓalli H. an nisa a cikin mazugi. Sannan auna kaurin hakori D da tsayin hakorin E da F ta amfani da madaidaicin gear.
(4) Don involute gears, za a iya ƙayyade sawar kayan ta hanyar kwatanta tsawon na yau da kullun na kayan aunawa tare da tsawon na yau da kullun na sabon kayan.
5. Duban sauran sassan da aka sawa
(1) Wasu kayayyakin gyara ba su da siffa, rami, ko siffar hakori, sai dai surar ta musamman. Misali, cam da dabaran eccentric na camshaft yakamata a duba su bisa ga ƙayyadaddun ma'auni na waje; Matsayin lalacewa na conical da cylindrical saman na ci da kawunan bawul ɗin shayewa, da ƙarshen ƙarar bawul, gabaɗaya ana ƙaddara ta lura. Idan ya cancanta, ana iya amfani da ma'auni na musamman don dubawa.
(2) Wasu kayayyakin kayan haɗin gwiwa ne kuma gabaɗaya ba a yarda a haɗa su don dubawa ba. Alal misali, don wasu nau'ikan birgima, mataki na farko shine gudanar da bincike na gani, a hankali kula da hanyoyin tseren ciki da na waje da kuma saman abin nadi. Ya kamata saman ya zama santsi, tuntuɓar ya kamata ya zama ko da, ba tare da tsagewa ba, ramuka, tabo, da sikeli kamar delamination. Kada a sami launi mai raɗaɗi, kuma kada a karya keji ko lalacewa. Ya kamata a cire birgima bearings ya dace da buƙatun fasaha, kuma ana iya bincika sharewar su axial da radial ta hanyar ji da hannu. Ƙaƙwalwar kada ta kasance tana da wani al'amari mai matsi, amma tana jujjuya iri ɗaya, tare da amsawar sauti iri ɗaya kuma babu sautin tasiri.
Taƙaice:
Ya kamata a duba sassan janaretan dizal ɗin da aka tsabtace bisa ga buƙatun fasaha, kuma a rarraba su zuwa sassa uku: sassa masu amfani, sassan da ke buƙatar gyara, da kuma ɓangarori. Wannan tsari shi ake kira sashen dubawa da rarrabawa. Abubuwan da ake amfani da su suna nufin sassan da ke da wasu lalacewa, amma girman su da kuskuren matsayi suna cikin kewayon da aka yarda, sun cika ka'idodin fasaha don manyan gyare-gyare, kuma har yanzu ana iya amfani da su; Abubuwan da aka gyare-gyare da guntu suna nufin sassan da ba za a iya amfani da su ba waɗanda suka ƙetare iyakar lalacewa, ba su cika ka'idodin fasaha don manyan gyare-gyare ba, kuma ba za a iya ci gaba da amfani da su ba. Idan ba za a iya gyara sassan ba ko kuma farashin gyaran bai cika ka'idodin tattalin arziki ba, ana ɗaukar irin waɗannan sassan sassa; Idan za a iya cimma ka'idodin fasaha don saiti na injin dizal ta hanyar gyarawa, kuma an tabbatar da rayuwar sabis don biyan bukatun tattalin arziki, waɗannan sassa sune sassan da ake buƙatar gyarawa.
https://www.eaglepowermachine.com/super-silent-diesel-industry-generator-set-product/
Lokacin aikawa: Maris-04-2024